FortiGate
FortiGate Next Generation Firewall utilizes purpose-built security processors and threat intelligence security services from FortiGuard labs to deliver top-rated protection and high performance, including encrypted traffic.
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Article Id 195955

Description


This article describes techniques on how to identify, debug and troubleshoot issues with IPsec VPN tunnels.

 

Scope


FortiGate.


Solution

 

  1. Identification.

 

As the first action, isolate the problematic tunnel. 


Enter the VDOM (if applicable) where the VPN is configured and type the command:

 

get vpn ipsec tunnel summary
'to10.174.0.182' 10.174.0.182:0  selectors(total,up): 1/1  rx(pkt,err): 1921/0  tx(pkt,err): 69/2
'to10.189.0.182' 10.189.0.182:0  selectors(total,up): 1/0  rx(pkt,err): 0/0  tx(pkt,err): 0/0

 

On the particular output, two VPN tunnels, to10.174.0.182 & to10.189.0.182 are visible. The second VPN tunnel on the list has its selectors in a down state so the focus will be on that tunnel.

  1. Phase 1 checks.

    After the problematic tunnel has been identified, it will be possible to understand the status of Phase 1. To do so, type the below command:

 

diagnose vpn ike gateway list name to10.189.0.182

vd: root/0
name: to10.189.0.182
version: 1
interface: port9 10
addr: 10.189.0.31:500 -> 10.189.0.182:500
created: 15s ago
IKE SA: created 1/1
IPsec SA: created 0/0

  id/spi: 19576 a83334b3c66f871b/0000000000000000
  direction: responder
  status: connecting, state 3, started 15s ago

 

The important field from this particular command is status. The status field has a discrete output that can be either connected or established.

 

  1. Established means Phase 1 is up and running.
  2. Connecting means Phase 1 is down.

 

If Phase 1 is down, perform additional checks to identify the reason.

 

  • Ensure bidirectional connectivity exists between the VPN gateways.


Try to traceroute towards the VPN peer, in this example, use the commands:

 

execute traceroute-options source 10.189.0.31

execute traceroute 10.189.0.182

 

  • Confirm that IKE traffic for port 500 or 4500 is not blocked somewhere along the path.

 

To do so, perform a packet sniffer:

 

diagnose sniffer packet any 'host 10.189.0.182 and port 500' 4 0 l
interfaces=[any]
filters=[host 10.189.0.182 and port 500]

 

Note:

In case nattraversal is enabled under phase1 and FortiGate is behind the NAT then sniffer traffic with 'udp port 4500'.

 

IKE debugging: If both of the above checks are successful, start debugging the IKE protocol to check for possible configuration mismatches between the peers:

 

diagnose vpn ike log-filter dst-addr4 10.189.0.182 
diagnose debug application ike -1
diagnose debug console timestamp enable

diagnose debug enable

 

Note: Starting from FortiOS 7.4.1, the 'diagnose vpn ike log-filter dst-addr4' command has been changed to 'diagnose vpn ike log filter rem-addr4'

 

   diagnose vpn ike log filter rem-addr4 10.189.0.182 
   diagnose debug application ike -1

   diagnose debug console timestamp enable

   diagnose debug enable
     

  1. Phase 2 checks: If the status of Phase 1 is in an established state, then focus on Phase 2. To do so, issue the command:

     

    diagnose vpn tunnel list name 10.189.0.182
    list all ipsec tunnel in vd 0
    name=to10.189.0.182 ver=1 serial=2 10.189.0.31:0->10.189.0.182:0
    bound_if=10 lgwy=static/1 tun=intf/0 mode=auto/1 encap=none/8 options[0008]=npu
    proxyid_num=1 child_num=0 refcnt=10 ilast=25 olast=25 ad=/0
    stat: rxp=0 txp=0 rxb=0 txb=0
    dpd: mode=on-demand on=0 idle=20000ms retry=3 count=0 seqno=534
    natt: mode=none draft=0 interval=0 remote_port=0
    proxyid=to10.189.0.182 proto=0 sa=0 ref=1 serial=4
    src: 0:172.16.170.0/255.255.255.0:0
    dst: 0:192.168.50.0/255.255.255.0:0

     

    The important field from the particular output is the ‘sa’. SA can have three values:

    1. sa=0 indicates there is a mismatch between selectors or no traffic is being initiated.
    2. sa=1 indicates IPsec SA is matching and there is traffic between the selectors.
    3. sa=2 is only visible during IPsec SA rekey.

    Lastly, there might be cases where the encryption and hashing algorithms in Phase 2 are mismatched as well.


    In order to identify this kind of error, run IKE debugging as it was described above.

    Note: If it is necessary to also perform packet captures, it is advised to always run the following command to match debug message time with packet sniffer time and know exactly what is happening and when:

diag debug console time en

 

Note:

Starting from FortiOS v7.4.1, the 'diagnose vpn ike log-filter src-addr4' command has been changed to 'diagnose vpn ike log filter loc-addr4'.

 

Related documents:

Troubleshooting Tip: IPsec Site-to-Site Tunnel Connectivity.

IPsec-related diagnose command.