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Public and Private IP addresses:
A Private IP address is an IP address that cannot be used in the Internet. Private IP addresses are reserved for use on private networks.The private IP address ranges are:
- 10.0.0.0 - 10.255.255.255
- 172.16.0.0 - 172.31.255.255
- 192.168.0.0 - 192.168.255.255
A public IP address is an IP address that can be used on the public Internet. Most other IPv4 IP addresses are public IP addresses, with the exception of the addresses described below.
In Fortinet technical documentation, to avoid publication of public IP addresses that belong to real organizations, private IP addresses are used for both private and public IP addresses in documentation examples.
IP multicast addresses:
Reserved multicast IP addresses are safe to use in documentation because they do not belong to anyone. Fortinet recommends using addresses in the range 239.2.2.2 - 239.255.255.255 for hosts that do not need access to the Internet or another network. A majority of the remaining multicast addresses are already being used for specific projects and companies.
Loopback address:
The loopback address - 127.0.0.1 - is instantly recognizable as such by network administrators and developers. This address is also known as the localhost address.
IPv6 addresses:
RFC 3849: IPv6 Address Prefix Reserved for Documentation(http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3849.txt?number=3849) states that the IPv6 address prefix 2001:DB8::/32 is reserved for use in documentation.
Special-use TEST-NET addresses:
RFC 3330: Special-use IPv4 Addresses
(http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3330.txt?number=3330) states that the block 192.0.2.0/24 is assigned as "TEST-NET" for use in documentation and sample code. It is often used in conjunction with domain names example.com or example.net in vendor and protocol documentation.
Additional information:
For additional information that includes a summary table, see RFC 3330: Special-Use IPv4 Addresses, available at
http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3330.txt?number=3330.
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