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IEC 61850 (IEC 61850 – Communication Networks and Systems in Substations) standard defines GOOSE protocol (Generic Object Oriented Substation Event) as a publisher/subscriber type communication.
This protocol is used for information exchange between IEDs (IED – Intelligent Electronic Device) in a Substation over the Ethernet.
IEC 61850 defines a special XML based language used for describing a substation and substation elements called SCL (Substation Configuration Language
GOOSE (Generic Object Oriented Substation Event) protocol is an event-based protocol.
The concept of GOOSE communication is that the publisher periodically sends messages and when an event happens (ex. Trip, Contactor closed …), it sends a burst of messages with new data.
Because the protocol is publisher/subscriber-based, there is no confirmation that the sent message is correctly received by the subscriber, so the message burst minimalizes the chance of message loss.
GOOSE protocol is also a link-layer protocol, meaning that this is an L2 protocol, it cannot run over a Fortigate configured in NAT mode.
GOOSE traffic can traverse the FortiGate via Virtual Wire Pair.
Related article:
https://kb.fortinet.com/kb/documentLink.do?externalID=FD48690
Make sure to enable the "Wildcard VLAN" option, as the GOOSE protocol can add an 802.1q tag with a value of 0.
In order to allow tagged traffic over virtual wire pair, you have to enable the 'Wildcard VLAN' option.
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