Technical Note : Configuring and verifying an IP in IP tunnel between two FortiGates (static routing)

[sha-1_FTNT]

Purpose
This article describes how to configure and troubleshoot an IP in IP tunnel between two FortiGates.


Scope
FortiGate or VDOM in NAT mode.

Support for IP in IP tunneling (RFC 1853) was added in FortiOS 5.0.3/5.2.GA

Diagram
The following topology is used:

PC1(.1) - 10.1.1.0/24-port2-[ FG1 ]-port1-(198.51.100.1) =====

                                                             I
                                            (Internet)       I IP-in-IP tunnel
                                                             I

PC2(.2) - 10.2.2.0/24-port2-[ FG2 ]-port1-(203.0.113.2) ======  
Expectations, Requirements

• Establish an IP in IP tunnel between both FortiGates to be able to reach each remote LAN 10.x.x.x
• The IP in IP interface will remain unnumbered and remote subnets reachable via static routes.

Configuration

CLI configuration of FortiGate 1

config system interface

   edit "port1"

        set ip 198.51.100.1 255.255.255.0

        set alias Internet

    next

   edit "port2"

        set ip 10.1.1.254 255.255.255.0

        set alias LAN

    next

end

config system ipip-tunnel
    edit "toFG2"
        set interface "port1"
        set local-gw 198.51.100.1
        set remote-gw 203.0.113.2
    next
end

config firewall policy
    edit 0
        set srcintf "port2"
        set dstintf "toFG2"
            set srcaddr "all" 
            set dstaddr "all" 
        set action accept
        set schedule "always"
            set service "ALL" 
    next
    edit 0
        set srcintf "toFG2"
        set dstintf "port2"
            set srcaddr "all" 
            set dstaddr "all"  
        set action accept
        set schedule "always"
            set service "ALL"  
    next
end

config router static
    edit 0
        set device "port1"
        set gateway 198.51.100.254

        set comment "default-route to Internet ISP"
    next
    edit 0
        set device "toFG2"
        set dst 10.2.2.0 255.255.255.0
    next
end

CLI configuration of FortiGate 2

config system interface

   edit "port1"

        set ip 203.0.113.2 255.255.255.0

        set alias Internet

    next

   edit "port2"

        set ip 10.2.2.254 255.255.255.0

        set alias LAN

    next

end

config system ipip-tunnel

    edit "toFG1"

        set interface "port1"
        set local-gw 203.0.113.2
        set remote-gw 198.51.100.1
    next
end

config firewall policy
    edit 0
        set srcintf "port2"
        set dstintf "toFG1"
            set srcaddr "all" 
            set dstaddr "all"
        set action accept
        set schedule "always"
            set service "ALL" 
    next
    edit 0 
        set srcintf "toFG1"
        set dstintf "port2"
            set srcaddr "all" 
            set dstaddr "all" 
        set action accept
        set schedule "always"
            set service "ALL"   
    next
end

config router static

    edit 0
        set device "port1"
        set gateway 203.0.113.254

        set comment "default-route to Internet ISP"
    next

    edit 0
        set device "toFG1"
        set dst 10.1.1.0 255.255.255.0
    next
end

Verification
Routing table of FortiGate 1:

FG1 # get router info routing-table all

Codes: K - kernel, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, B - BGP
       O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
       i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
       * - candidate default

S*      0.0.0.0/0 [10/0] via 198.51.100.254, port1
C       10.1.1.0/24 is directly connected, port2
S       10.2.2.0/24 [10/0] is directly connected, toFG2
C       198.51.100.0/24 is directly connected, port1

Routing table of FortiGate 2:

FG2 # get router info routing-table all

Codes: K - kernel, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, B - BGP
       O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
       i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
       * - candidate default

S*      0.0.0.0/0 [10/0] via 203.0.113.254, port1
C       10.2.2.0/24 is directly connected, port2
S       10.1.1.0/24 [10/0] is directly connected, toFG1
C       203.0.113.0/24 is directly connected, port1

Note : Both routing tables show that the remote subnets 10.x.x.x appear as pseudo-connected (a static route appearing as directly connected and pointing to a local interface instead of a next-hop).


Verify the IP in IP tunnels:

FG2 # diag netlink interface list | grep -A1 "toFG1"

if=toFG1 family=00 type=768 index=20 mtu=1480 link=0 master=0

ref=11 state=off start fw_flags=0 flags=up p2p run noarp multicast

FG2 # get system interface

[...]

== [ toFG1 ]

name: test   ip: 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0   status: up    netbios-forward: disable    type: tunnel   netflow-sampler: disable    sflow-sampler: disable    scan-botnet-connections: disable    explicit-web-proxy: disable    explicit-ftp-proxy: disable    wccp: disable

Troubleshooting
While starting a ping from PC1 to PC2, take a sniffer trace on either FortiGate to see if the traffic reaches and is forwarded on all interfaces

FG1 # diagnose sniffer packet any "icmp" 4

interfaces=[any]
filters=[icmp]
2.901412 port2 in 10.1.1.1 -> 10.2.2.2: icmp: echo request
2.901429 toFG2 out 10.1.1.1 -> 10.2.2.2: icmp: echo request
2.901954 toFG2 in 10.2.2.2 -> 10.1.1.1: icmp: echo reply
2.901979 port2 out 10.2.2.2 -> 10.1.1.1: icmp: echo reply

FG2 # diagnose sniffer packet any "icmp" 4

interfaces=[any]
filters=[icmp]
7.241465 toFG1 in 10.1.1.1 -> 10.2.2.2: icmp: echo request
7.241529 port2 out 10.1.1.1 -> 10.2.2.2: icmp: echo request
7.241815 port2 in 10.2.2.2 -> 10.1.1.1: icmp: echo reply
7.241836 toFG1 out 10.2.2.2 -> 10.1.1.1: icmp: echo reply

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