FortiGate
FortiGate Next Generation Firewall utilizes purpose-built security processors and threat intelligence security services from FortiGuard labs to deliver top-rated protection and high performance, including encrypted traffic.
rmetzger
Staff
Staff
Article Id 192680
Purpose

This article describes the steps to configure FortiGates in a BGP scenario which involves iBGP, eBGP peering, OSPF as IGP for the Customer network, and an access-list to filter routes in.

It includes the network diagram, requirements, configuration, and verification steps for all FortiGates used in this example.


Scope
  • Fortigate or VDOMs in NAT mode only

  • FortiOS v3.0


Diagram

The following network diagram illustrates this case study:


rmetzger_FD30115_BGP.JPG


Expectations, Requirements
  •   FGT-ISP acts as the ISP router ; it advertises to FGT-1 all BGP routes it  does learn from the Internet (In this example, only 1.0.0.0/8 and 2.0.0.0/8 are used as routes advertised by the ISP).

  •   FGT-1 and FGT-2 learn all BGP routes advertised by the ISP’s router FGT-ISP.
  •   iBGP peering is done via loopback interfaces (*).
  •   The ISP should only learn the DMZ network from the Customer, 10.160.0.0/23.
  •   Customer uses OSPF as its IGP to advertise the loopback interface internally and allow BGP peering

 

Note: all requirements, addresses and network information above are only given as examples for this case study.


 

 

(*) USING LOOPBACK INTERFACES

The use of loopback interfaces into this BGP/OSPF design is a simple rule that eases the OSPF troubleshooting and administration, where we will set the OSPF router ID identically to the loopback interface.

It is also used within the Customer network for the iBGP peering.

Using loopback interface allows having an IP address that does not depend on a physical interface, hence is always up.

Note that using a loopback interfaces requires the configuration of appropriate firewall policies that allow traffic to it.

 

To enable OSPF on an interface, you only need to add it into the prefix list. To enable all interfaces with a single setting; you can use the prefix “0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0”


Configuration

 Only the relevant configuration parts to this case study are given.


  • FGT-ISP   
    

config router access-list

    edit "only_160"

            config rule

                edit 1

                    set prefix 10.160.0.0 255.255.254.0

                    set exact-match enable

                next

                edit 2

                    set action deny

                    set exact-match disable

                next

            end

    next

end

 

 

config router route-map

    edit "1"

            config rule

                edit 1

                    set match-ip-address "only_160"

                next

            end

    next

end

 

config router bgp

    set as 1

        config neighbor

            edit 10.142.0.74

                set remote-as 1000

                set route-map-in "1"

            next

        end

        config redistribute "connected"

        end

        config redistribute "rip"

        end

        config redistribute "ospf"

        end

        config redistribute "static"

            set status enable

        end

    set router-id 10.0.0.1

end

 


 


 

Note : the access-list and route-map above are  used to match the requirement that the ISP should only learn the DMZ network from the Customer, 10.160.0.0/23.

 

 

  • FGT-1

config system interface

    edit "loopback"

        set vdom "root"

        set ip 10.0.0.2 255.255.255.255

        set allowaccess ping

        set type loopback

    next

end

 

config router bgp

    set as 1000

        config neighbor

            edit 10.0.0.3

                set remote-as 1000

                set update-source "loopback"

            next

            edit 10.142.0.110

                set remote-as 1

            next

        end

        config network

            edit 1

                set prefix 10.160.0.0 255.255.254.0

            next

        end

        config redistribute "connected"

            set status enable

        end

        config redistribute "rip"

        end

        config redistribute "ospf"

        end

        config redistribute "static"

        end

    set router-id 10.0.0.2

end

 

config router ospf

        config area

            edit 0.0.0.0

            next

        end

        config network

            edit 1

                set prefix 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0

            next

        end

        config redistribute "connected"

        end

        config redistribute "static"

        end

        config redistribute "rip"

        end

        config redistribute "bgp"

        end

    set router-id 10.0.0.2

end

 

 

config firewall policy

    edit 0

        set srcintf "dmz"

        set dstintf "loopback"

            set srcaddr "all"

            set dstaddr "all"

        set action accept

        set schedule "always"

            set service "ANY"

    next

end

 

 

 

  • FGT-2

config system interface

    edit "loopback"

        set vdom "root"

        set ip 10.0.0.3 255.255.255.255

        set allowaccess ping

        set type loopback

    next

end

 

config router bgp

    set as 1000

        config neighbor

            edit 10.0.0.2

                set remote-as 1000

                set update-source "loopback"

            next

        end

        config redistribute "connected"

        end

        config redistribute "rip"

        end

        config redistribute "ospf"

        end

        config redistribute "static"

        end

    set router-id 10.0.0.3

end

 

config router ospf

        config area

            edit 0.0.0.0

            next

        end

        config network

            edit 1

                set prefix 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0

            next

        end

        config redistribute "connected"

        end

        config redistribute "static"

        end

        config redistribute "rip"

        end

        config redistribute "bgp"

        end

    set router-id 10.0.0.3

end

 

config firewall policy

    edit 0

        set srcintf "dmz"

        set dstintf "loopback"

            set srcaddr "all"

            set dstaddr "all"

        set action accept

        set schedule "always"

            set service "ANY"

    next

end

 


Verification

The verification steps will show the BGP and OSPF neighbours’ state and the routes in the routing table.  The following commands will be used:

FGT_ # get router info bgp summary

FGT_ # get router info bgp neighbors

FGT_ # get router info bgp network

FGT_ # get router info routing-table all

FGT_ # get router info ospf neighbor

 

Note : Further information about OSPF can be found in related articles.

 

  • FGT_ISP

 

FGT_ISP # get router info bgp summary

BGP router identifier 10.0.0.1, local AS number 1

BGP table version is 2

2 BGP AS-PATH entries

0 BGP community entries

 

Neighbor        V    AS MsgRcvd MsgSent   TblVer  InQ OutQ Up/Down  State/PfxRcd

10.142.0.74     4  1000    4528    4546        1    0    0 2d18h02m        1

 

Total number of neighbors 1

 

FGT_ISP # get router info bgp neighbors

BGP neighbor is 10.142.0.74, remote AS 1000, local AS 1, external link

  BGP version 4, remote router ID 10.0.0.2

  BGP state = Established, up for 2d18h02m

  Last read 00:00:10, hold time is 180, keepalive interval is 60 seconds

  Configured hold time is 180, keepalive interval is 60 seconds

  Neighbor capabilities:

    Route refresh: advertised and received (old and new)

    Address family IPv4 Unicast: advertised and received

  Received 4529 messages, 0 notifications, 0 in queue

  Sent 4547 messages, 0 notifications, 0 in queue

  Route refresh request: received 0, sent 0

  Minimum time between advertisement runs is 30 seconds

 

 For address family: IPv4 Unicast

  BGP table version 2, neighbor version 1

  Index 1, Offset 0, Mask 0x2

  Community attribute sent to this neighbor (both)

  Inbound path policy configured

  Route map for incoming advertisements is *1root

  1 accepted prefixes

  3 announced prefixes

 

 Connections established 1; dropped 0

Local host: 10.142.0.110, Local port: 11663

Foreign host: 10.142.0.74, Foreign port: 179

Nexthop: 10.142.0.110

 

FGT_ISP # get router info bgp network

BGP table version is 2, local router ID is 10.0.0.1

Status codes: s suppressed, d damped, h history, * valid, > best, i - internal,

              S Stale

Origin codes: i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete

 

   Network          Next Hop            Metric LocPrf Weight Path

*> 0.0.0.0/0        192.168.183.254                    32768 ?

*> 1.0.0.0          192.168.183.254                    32768 ?

*> 2.0.0.0          192.168.183.254                    32768 ?

*> 10.160.0.0/23    10.142.0.74              0             0 1000 ?

 

Total number of prefixes 4

 

FGT_ISP # get router info routing-table all

Codes: K - kernel, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, B - BGP

       O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area

       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2

       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2

       i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area

       * - candidate default

 

S*      0.0.0.0/0 [10/0] via 192.168.183.254, port2

S       1.0.0.0/8 [10/0] via 192.168.183.254, port2

S       2.0.0.0/8 [10/0] via 192.168.183.254, port2

C       10.142.0.0/23 is directly connected, port3

B       10.160.0.0/23 [20/0] via 10.142.0.74, port3, 2d18h02m

C       192.168.182.0/23 is directly connected, port2

 

 

 

 

 

  • FGT-1

 

FGT-1 # get router info bgp summary

BGP router identifier 10.0.0.2, local AS number 1000

BGP table version is 9

2 BGP AS-PATH entries

0 BGP community entries

 

Neighbor        V    AS MsgRcvd MsgSent   TblVer  InQ OutQ Up/Down  State/PfxRcd

10.0.0.3        4  1000    4558    4562        8    0    0 2d18h25m        0

10.142.0.110    4     1    4594    4573        7    0    0 2d17h56m        3

 

Total number of neighbors 2

 

 

FGT-1 # get router info bgp neighbors

BGP neighbor is 10.0.0.3, remote AS 1000, local AS 1000, internal link

  BGP version 4, remote router ID 10.0.0.3

  BGP state = Established, up for 2d18h26m

  Last read 00:00:04, hold time is 180, keepalive interval is 60 seconds

  Configured hold time is 180, keepalive interval is 60 seconds

  Neighbor capabilities:

    Route refresh: advertised and received (old and new)

    Address family IPv4 Unicast: advertised and received

  Received 4559 messages, 0 notifications, 0 in queue

  Sent 4562 messages, 0 notifications, 0 in queue

  Route refresh request: received 0, sent 0

  Minimum time between advertisement runs is 30 seconds

  Update source is loopback

 

 For address family: IPv4 Unicast

  BGP table version 9, neighbor version 8

  Index 2, Offset 0, Mask 0x4

  Community attribute sent to this neighbor (both)

  0 accepted prefixes

  6 announced prefixes

 

 Connections established 1; dropped 0

Local host: 10.0.0.2, Local port: 1101

Foreign host: 10.0.0.3, Foreign port: 179

Nexthop: 10.0.0.2

 

BGP neighbor is 10.142.0.110, remote AS 1, local AS 1000, external link

  BGP version 4, remote router ID 10.0.0.1

  BGP state = Established, up for 2d17h57m

  Last read 00:00:15, hold time is 180, keepalive interval is 60 seconds

  Configured hold time is 180, keepalive interval is 60 seconds

  Neighbor capabilities:

    Route refresh: advertised and received (old and new)

    Address family IPv4 Unicast: advertised and received

  Received 4595 messages, 0 notifications, 0 in queue

  Sent 4574 messages, 0 notifications, 0 in queue

  Route refresh request: received 0, sent 0

  Minimum time between advertisement runs is 30 seconds

 

 For address family: IPv4 Unicast

  BGP table version 9, neighbor version 7

  Index 1, Offset 0, Mask 0x2

  Community attribute sent to this neighbor (both)

  3 accepted prefixes

  3 announced prefixes

 

 Connections established 2; dropped 1

Local host: 10.142.0.74, Local port: 179

Foreign host: 10.142.0.110, Foreign port: 11663

Nexthop: 10.142.0.74

 

 

FGT-1 # get router info bgp network

BGP table version is 9, local router ID is 10.0.0.2

Status codes: s suppressed, d damped, h history, * valid, > best, i - internal,

              S Stale

Origin codes: i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete

 

   Network          Next Hop            Metric LocPrf Weight Path

*> 0.0.0.0/0        10.142.0.110             0             0 1 ?

*> 1.0.0.0          10.142.0.110             0             0 1 ?

*> 2.0.0.0          10.142.0.110             0             0 1 ?

*> 10.0.0.2/32      0.0.0.0                            32768 ?

*> 10.142.0.0/23    0.0.0.0                            32768 ?

*> 10.160.0.0/23    0.0.0.0                            32768 ?

*                   0.0.0.0                       100  32768 i

 

Total number of prefixes 6

 

 

FGT-1 # get router info ospf neighbor

 

OSPF process 0:

Neighbor ID     Pri   State           Dead Time   Address         Interface

10.0.0.3          1   Full/DR         00:00:30    10.160.0.75     dmz

 

 

FGT-1 # get router info routing-table all

Codes: K - kernel, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, B - BGP

       O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area

       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2

       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2

       i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area

       * - candidate default

 

B*      0.0.0.0/0 [20/0] via 10.142.0.110, wan1, 2d17h58m

B       1.0.0.0/8 [20/0] via 10.142.0.110, wan1, 2d17h58m

B       2.0.0.0/8 [20/0] via 10.142.0.110, wan1, 2d17h58m

S       10.0.0.1/32 [10/0] via 10.142.0.110, wan1

C       10.0.0.2/32 is directly connected, loopback

O       10.0.0.3/32 [110/110] via 10.160.0.75, dmz, 2d18h18m

C       10.142.0.0/23 is directly connected, wan1

O       10.143.0.0/23 [110/20] via 10.160.0.75, dmz, 2d18h18m

C       10.160.0.0/23 is directly connected, dmz

 

 

  • FGT-2

 

FGT-2 # get router info bgp summary

BGP router identifier 10.0.0.3, local AS number 1000

BGP table version is 1

2 BGP AS-PATH entries

0 BGP community entries

 

Neighbor        V    AS MsgRcvd MsgSent   TblVer  InQ OutQ Up/Down  State/PfxRcd

10.0.0.2        4  1000    4555    4563        0    0    0 2d18h28m        6

 

Total number of neighbors 1

 

 

FGT-2 # get router info bgp neighbors

BGP neighbor is 10.0.0.2, remote AS 1000, local AS 1000, internal link

  BGP version 4, remote router ID 10.0.0.2

  BGP state = Established, up for 2d18h28m

  Last read 00:00:06, hold time is 180, keepalive interval is 60 seconds

  Configured hold time is 180, keepalive interval is 60 seconds

  Neighbor capabilities:

    Route refresh: advertised and received (old and new)

    Address family IPv4 Unicast: advertised and received

  Received 4556 messages, 0 notifications, 0 in queue

  Sent 4563 messages, 0 notifications, 0 in queue

  Route refresh request: received 0, sent 0

  Minimum time between advertisement runs is 30 seconds

  Update source is loopback

 

 For address family: IPv4 Unicast

  BGP table version 1, neighbor version 0

  Index 1, Offset 0, Mask 0x2

  Community attribute sent to this neighbor (both)

  6 accepted prefixes

  0 announced prefixes

 

 Connections established 1; dropped 0

Local host: 10.0.0.3, Local port: 179

Foreign host: 10.0.0.2, Foreign port: 1101

Nexthop: 10.0.0.3

 

 

FGT-2 # get router info bgp network

BGP table version is 1, local router ID is 10.0.0.3

Status codes: s suppressed, d damped, h history, * valid, > best, i - internal,

              S Stale

Origin codes: i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete

 

   Network          Next Hop            Metric LocPrf Weight Path

*>i0.0.0.0/0        10.142.0.110             0    100      0 1 ?

*>i1.0.0.0          10.142.0.110             0    100      0 1 ?

*>i2.0.0.0          10.142.0.110             0    100      0 1 ?

*>i10.0.0.2/32      10.0.0.2                 0    100      0 ?

*>i10.142.0.0/23    10.0.0.2                 0    100      0 ?

*>i10.160.0.0/23    10.0.0.2                 0    100      0 ?

 

Total number of prefixes 6

 

 

FGT-2 # get router info ospf neighbor

 

OSPF process 0:

Neighbor ID     Pri   State           Dead Time   Address         Interface

10.0.0.2          1   Full/Backup     00:00:38    10.160.0.74     dmz

 

 

 

FGT-2 # get router info routing-table all

Codes: K - kernel, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, B - BGP

       O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area

       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2

       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2

       i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area

       * - candidate default

 

B*      0.0.0.0/0 [200/0] via 10.142.0.110 (recursive via 10.160.0.74), 2d18h00m

B       1.0.0.0/8 [200/0] via 10.142.0.110 (recursive via 10.160.0.74), 2d18h00m

B       2.0.0.0/8 [200/0] via 10.142.0.110 (recursive via 10.160.0.74), 2d18h00m

O       10.0.0.2/32 [110/110] via 10.160.0.74, dmz, 2d18h20m

C       10.0.0.3/32 is directly connected, loopback

O       10.142.0.0/23 [110/20] via 10.160.0.74, dmz, 2d18h20m

C       10.143.0.0/23 is directly connected, internal

C       10.160.0.0/23 is directly connected, dmz


Troubleshooting
For simple troubleshooting, use the BGP diagnose router command:
“get router info bgp  <subcommand>”, where subcommand can be :
FGT# get router info bgp  ?


cidr-only                  display routes with non-natural netmasks

community                  display routes matching the communities

community-info             list all bgp community information

community-list             display routes matching the community-list

dampening                  display router dampening infomation

filter-list                display routes conforming to the filter-list

inconsistent-as            display routes with inconsistent AS Paths

neighbors                  show BGP neighbors

network                    show BGP info for network

network-longer-prefixes    show BGP info for route and more specific routes

paths                      path information

prefix-list                display routes conforming to the prefix-list

regexp                     display routes matching the AS path regular expression

quote-regexp               display routes matching the AS path regular expression

route-map                  display routes conforming to the route-map

scan                       display BGP scan status

summary                    summary of BGP neighbor status

memory                     BGP memory table

 

 

For advanced troubleshooting, use the command:
FGT# diag ip router bgp all enable (or “disable” to stop the trace)

And the CLI sniffer (see related article for using the sniffer)


Related Articles

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